Subhanallah! Fenomena Aurora yang Menakjubkan
Subhanallah! Fenomena Aurora yang Menakjubkan - Aurora (atau "aurora polaris") adalah sebuah fenomena alam yang bebentuk cahaya yang memiliki kecerahan atau pencahayaan yang muncul di langit malam, aurora sering terhadi di daerah kutub, tetapi dapat muncul di tempat lain atau di belahan dunia lain dalam jangka waktu yang singkat. Di belahan bumi utara dikenal sebagai aurora borealis, dan di belahan bumi selatan dan aurora australis, dinamai Aurora berasal dari nama dewi fajar Romawi yaitu aurora, dan Boreas berasal dari bahasa Yunani, yang berarti utara, karena di Eropa sering muncul di langit cakrawala yang memiliki rona kemerahan seolah-olah matahari muncul dari arah yang tidak biasa.
Aurora borealis terlihat saat bulan Oktober sampai Maret, tetapi aurora juga bisa muncul di bulan-bulan lainnya, selama suhu atmosfer cukup rendah. Bulan-bulan terbaik adalah bulan Januari dan Februari karena selama bulan-bulan tersebut suhu di kutub lebih rendah. Setara dalam lintang, aurora australis, memiliki sifat yang mirip dengan aurora borealis.
Fenomena aurora ini tidak terbatas pada Bumi. Planet lain di tata surya menunjukkan fenomena yang mirip, seperti Jupiter dan Saturnus memiliki medan magnet kuat dari Bumi (Uranus, Neptunus dan Mercury juga memiliki medan magnet), dan keduanya memiliki sabuk radiasi yang besar. Aurora telah diamati di kedua planet menggunakan teleskop Hubble.
Aurora tampaknya disebabkan oleh angin matahari, di samping itu, satelit Jupiter, merupakan sumber penting dari aurora. Hal ini terjadi karena arus listrik di sepanjang garis yang dihasilkan oleh mekanisme dinamo disebabkan oleh gerakan relatif antara planet dan satelitnya.
Aurora telah terdeteksi di Mars oleh pesawat ruang angkasa Mars Express, untuk beberapa pengamatan dilakukan pada tahun 2004 dan dipublikasikan setahun kemudian. Mars tidak memiliki medan magnet mirip dengan Bumi, tetapi memiliki medan lokal yang mengakibatkan munculnya aurora di planet ini.
Berikut Foto-Foto Aurora =))
In this X-ray photo provided by NASA, the sun is shown early in the morning of Sunday, August 1, 2010. The dark arc near the top right edge of the image is a filament of plasma blasting off the surface – part of the coronal mass ejection. The bright region is an unassociated solar flare. When particles from the eruption reach Earth on the evening of August 3-4, they may trigger a brilliant auroral display known as the Northern Lights ~ Picture: AP / NASA
This still from an April 12-13 video recorded by NASA’s new Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) shows an eruptive prominence blasting away from the sun. The prominence appears to stretch almost halfway across the sun, about 500,000 miles ~ Picture: AP / NASA
A full-disk multiwavelength extreme ultraviolet image of the sun taken by the Solar Dynamics Observatory on March 30. False colours trace different gas temperatures. Reds are relatively cool (about 60,000 Kelvin, or 107,540 F); blues and greens are hotter (greater than 1 million Kelvin, or 1,799,540 F) ~ Picture: AP / NASA.
A prominence eruption captured by the Solar Dynamics Observatory on March 30, 2010 ~ Picture: NASA / Corbis.
A photo montage captured during a solar eclipse over the Marshall Islands in July 2009. The beautiful image shows the solar corona that makes up the sun’s atmosphere in amazing detail as the sun passes behind the moon ~ Picture: Miloslav Druckmuller / SWNS
The whorls and loops of the corona extend millions of miles into space, are nearly 200 times hotter than the visible surface of the sun, and yet aren’t nearly as bright and hence can only be seen during eclipses ~ Picture: Miloslav Druckmuller / SWNS
A total solar eclipse, showing solar flares and prominences past the limb of the Sun, which is blocked by the Moon, and the solar corona. This eclipse took place during a maximum of a sunspot cycle, and the image is processed to show not only the corona but also the chromosphere and the prominences ~ Picture: Jay Pasachoff/Science Faction/Corbis
Composite image of the sun from the SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) satellite. Images were taken at three different wavelengths, colour-coded and combined ~ Picture: NASA-ESA- digital version copyri/Science Faction/Corbis
Two active regions glow brightly in this ultraviolet image of the Sun. A small flare rises from the active area on the left. Flares are intense explosions on the Sun that blast radiation into space. This one paints a white line across the left horizon of the Sun. The active area on the right churns with magnetic loops. Arcs of charged particles rise from the surface and are drawn back down again in the magnetic field. Magnetic storms bombard Earth with charged particles that can interfere with electronics systems and satellites ~ Picture: NASA / Corbis
This photo shows the sun’s coronal holes in an X-ray image. The outer solar atmosphere, the corona, is structured by strong magnetic fields, which when closed can cause the atmosphere to suddenly and violently release bubbles or tongues of gas and magnetic fields called coronal mass ejections which streak out through the interplanetary medium ~ Picture: NASA / REUTERS / Corbis
Image of the sun as it appears during an eclipse superimposed over image of eclipse with solar corona ~ Picture: Jay M. Pasachoff/Science Faction/Corbis
Solar activity is shown in an image made by NASA’s SOHO Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) instrument ~ Picture: NASA / Corbis
Giant fountains of fast-moving, multimillion-degree gas in the outermost atmosphere of the Sun have revealed an important clue to a long-standing mystery – the location of the heating mechanism that makes the corona about 300 times hotter than the Sun’s visible surface. NASA scientists found that most of the heating occurs low in the corona, within about 10,000 miles from the Sun’s visible surface. The gas fountains emating from the surface form arches (some more than 300,000 miles high) and are heated and rise while flowing along the solar magnetic field. The gas then cools and crashes back to the surface at more than 60 miles per second. This image is a false colour picture of ultraviolet light emitted by the hot gas that comprises the coronal loops ~ Picture: NASA / Corbis
A NASA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory image of the Sun shows a giant magnetic loop (lower left) filled with glowing, hot gas blasting away from the Sun ~ Picture: NASA / epa / Corbis
This NASA image shows the Aurora Australis observed from the International Space Station on May 29, 2010.This photo was taken during a geomagnetic storm that was most likely caused by a coronal mass ejection from the Sun on May 24, 2010. The ISS was located over the Southern Indian Ocean at an altitude of 350 kilometres (220 miles), with the astronaut observer most likely looking towards Antarctica (not visible) and the South Pole. The aurora has a sinuous ribbon shape that separates into discrete spots near the lower right corner of the image. While the dominant colouration of the aurora is green, there are faint suggestions of red left of image centre. Dense cloud cover is dimly visible below the aurora. The curvature of the Earth’s horizon is clearly visible, as is the faint blue line of the upper atmosphere directly above it. Several stars appear as bright pinpoints against the blackness of space at image top right ~ Picture: NASA / AFP
Soichi Noguchi, an astronaut aboard the International Space Station, sent this picture back to Earth via his Twitter account, @Astro_Soichi. It shows the aurora borealis from space, with the space station in the foreground ~ Picture: NASA
Northern lights over the ersfjord in Tromsø ~ Picture: Trym Ivar Bergsmo/Finnmark Tourist Board
The Aurora borealis pictured over Kvaloeya island, Tromsoe, Norway ~ Picture: Hinrich Bosemann/dpa/Corbis
Two observers enjoy a sky illuminated by vibrant colour during magnetic solar storms in Itzehoe, Germany ~ Picture: Jost Jahn/epa/Corbis
A powerful outburst of auroras over the open sea at Eggum on the Lofoten islands in Norway ~ Picture by Bjorn Jorgensen
Aurora borealis terlihat saat bulan Oktober sampai Maret, tetapi aurora juga bisa muncul di bulan-bulan lainnya, selama suhu atmosfer cukup rendah. Bulan-bulan terbaik adalah bulan Januari dan Februari karena selama bulan-bulan tersebut suhu di kutub lebih rendah. Setara dalam lintang, aurora australis, memiliki sifat yang mirip dengan aurora borealis.
Fenomena aurora ini tidak terbatas pada Bumi. Planet lain di tata surya menunjukkan fenomena yang mirip, seperti Jupiter dan Saturnus memiliki medan magnet kuat dari Bumi (Uranus, Neptunus dan Mercury juga memiliki medan magnet), dan keduanya memiliki sabuk radiasi yang besar. Aurora telah diamati di kedua planet menggunakan teleskop Hubble.
Aurora tampaknya disebabkan oleh angin matahari, di samping itu, satelit Jupiter, merupakan sumber penting dari aurora. Hal ini terjadi karena arus listrik di sepanjang garis yang dihasilkan oleh mekanisme dinamo disebabkan oleh gerakan relatif antara planet dan satelitnya.
Aurora telah terdeteksi di Mars oleh pesawat ruang angkasa Mars Express, untuk beberapa pengamatan dilakukan pada tahun 2004 dan dipublikasikan setahun kemudian. Mars tidak memiliki medan magnet mirip dengan Bumi, tetapi memiliki medan lokal yang mengakibatkan munculnya aurora di planet ini.
Berikut Foto-Foto Aurora =))
Solar storm hitting Earth causes spectacular aurora displaysA large solar storm has caused spectacular aurora displays across the Northern Hemisphere after blasting out of the Sun three days ago.On August 1, almost the entire side of the Sun that faces the Earth erupted in a blaze of activity known as a “coronal mass ejection”. These storms throw up to 10 billion tons of plasma – superheated gas – off the surface of the star and hurtling into space at around a million miles an hour. It covered the 93 million mile journey from the Sun to the Earth in just three and a half days.It was the “first major Earth-directed eruption in quite some time,” according to Leon Golub, a scientist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), who warned of the event on Monday.The flare which caused the eruption was relatively small, described as a class C3 by astronomers. Other flares, known as X or M class, are much larger, and capable of doing damage on Earth. C-class flares rarely have much effect on Earth beyond auroras – the glowing displays towards the poles, like the Northern (and Southern) Lights.Dramatic auroras were seen in Denmark, Norway, Greenland, Germany and across the northern United States and Canada as the expanding bubble of gas slammed into the Earth’s atmosphere. The frequently beautiful displays are caused by the charged particles in the plasma interacting with the Earth’s magnetic field – the solar matter is drawn towards the poles, where they collide with nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the atmosphere.While no damage seems to have been done by this flare, Nasa astronomers have previously warned that a much larger solar storm could cause havoc with electrical systems on Earth. In 2013, the Sun is expected to reach a stage in its roughly 11-year cycle when large storms are more likely.In 1859, one huge flare burned out telegraph wires across Europe and the USA. The so-called “Carrington flare”, named after its discoverer, “smothered two-thirds of the Earth’s skies in a blood-red aurora a night later, and crippled all global navigation and global communication, such as it was at that time. Compasses spun uselessly and the telegraph network went down as phantom electricity surged through the wire,” according to Dr Stuart Clark, author of The Sun Kings.More recently, in 1989, a smaller but still enormous storm caused the power grids in Quebec to go down for nine hours, causing hundreds of millions’ worth of dollars in lost revenue.
Solar flares, coronal mass ejections and aurora borealis in pictures:
In this X-ray photo provided by NASA, the sun is shown early in the morning of Sunday, August 1, 2010. The dark arc near the top right edge of the image is a filament of plasma blasting off the surface – part of the coronal mass ejection. The bright region is an unassociated solar flare. When particles from the eruption reach Earth on the evening of August 3-4, they may trigger a brilliant auroral display known as the Northern Lights ~ Picture: AP / NASA
This still from an April 12-13 video recorded by NASA’s new Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) shows an eruptive prominence blasting away from the sun. The prominence appears to stretch almost halfway across the sun, about 500,000 miles ~ Picture: AP / NASA
A full-disk multiwavelength extreme ultraviolet image of the sun taken by the Solar Dynamics Observatory on March 30. False colours trace different gas temperatures. Reds are relatively cool (about 60,000 Kelvin, or 107,540 F); blues and greens are hotter (greater than 1 million Kelvin, or 1,799,540 F) ~ Picture: AP / NASA.
A prominence eruption captured by the Solar Dynamics Observatory on March 30, 2010 ~ Picture: NASA / Corbis.
A photo montage captured during a solar eclipse over the Marshall Islands in July 2009. The beautiful image shows the solar corona that makes up the sun’s atmosphere in amazing detail as the sun passes behind the moon ~ Picture: Miloslav Druckmuller / SWNS
The whorls and loops of the corona extend millions of miles into space, are nearly 200 times hotter than the visible surface of the sun, and yet aren’t nearly as bright and hence can only be seen during eclipses ~ Picture: Miloslav Druckmuller / SWNS
A total solar eclipse, showing solar flares and prominences past the limb of the Sun, which is blocked by the Moon, and the solar corona. This eclipse took place during a maximum of a sunspot cycle, and the image is processed to show not only the corona but also the chromosphere and the prominences ~ Picture: Jay Pasachoff/Science Faction/Corbis
Composite image of the sun from the SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory) satellite. Images were taken at three different wavelengths, colour-coded and combined ~ Picture: NASA-ESA- digital version copyri/Science Faction/Corbis
Two active regions glow brightly in this ultraviolet image of the Sun. A small flare rises from the active area on the left. Flares are intense explosions on the Sun that blast radiation into space. This one paints a white line across the left horizon of the Sun. The active area on the right churns with magnetic loops. Arcs of charged particles rise from the surface and are drawn back down again in the magnetic field. Magnetic storms bombard Earth with charged particles that can interfere with electronics systems and satellites ~ Picture: NASA / Corbis
This photo shows the sun’s coronal holes in an X-ray image. The outer solar atmosphere, the corona, is structured by strong magnetic fields, which when closed can cause the atmosphere to suddenly and violently release bubbles or tongues of gas and magnetic fields called coronal mass ejections which streak out through the interplanetary medium ~ Picture: NASA / REUTERS / Corbis
Image of the sun as it appears during an eclipse superimposed over image of eclipse with solar corona ~ Picture: Jay M. Pasachoff/Science Faction/Corbis
Solar activity is shown in an image made by NASA’s SOHO Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) instrument ~ Picture: NASA / Corbis
Giant fountains of fast-moving, multimillion-degree gas in the outermost atmosphere of the Sun have revealed an important clue to a long-standing mystery – the location of the heating mechanism that makes the corona about 300 times hotter than the Sun’s visible surface. NASA scientists found that most of the heating occurs low in the corona, within about 10,000 miles from the Sun’s visible surface. The gas fountains emating from the surface form arches (some more than 300,000 miles high) and are heated and rise while flowing along the solar magnetic field. The gas then cools and crashes back to the surface at more than 60 miles per second. This image is a false colour picture of ultraviolet light emitted by the hot gas that comprises the coronal loops ~ Picture: NASA / Corbis
A NASA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory image of the Sun shows a giant magnetic loop (lower left) filled with glowing, hot gas blasting away from the Sun ~ Picture: NASA / epa / Corbis
This NASA image shows the Aurora Australis observed from the International Space Station on May 29, 2010.This photo was taken during a geomagnetic storm that was most likely caused by a coronal mass ejection from the Sun on May 24, 2010. The ISS was located over the Southern Indian Ocean at an altitude of 350 kilometres (220 miles), with the astronaut observer most likely looking towards Antarctica (not visible) and the South Pole. The aurora has a sinuous ribbon shape that separates into discrete spots near the lower right corner of the image. While the dominant colouration of the aurora is green, there are faint suggestions of red left of image centre. Dense cloud cover is dimly visible below the aurora. The curvature of the Earth’s horizon is clearly visible, as is the faint blue line of the upper atmosphere directly above it. Several stars appear as bright pinpoints against the blackness of space at image top right ~ Picture: NASA / AFP
Soichi Noguchi, an astronaut aboard the International Space Station, sent this picture back to Earth via his Twitter account, @Astro_Soichi. It shows the aurora borealis from space, with the space station in the foreground ~ Picture: NASA
Northern lights over the ersfjord in Tromsø ~ Picture: Trym Ivar Bergsmo/Finnmark Tourist Board
The Aurora borealis pictured over Kvaloeya island, Tromsoe, Norway ~ Picture: Hinrich Bosemann/dpa/Corbis
Two observers enjoy a sky illuminated by vibrant colour during magnetic solar storms in Itzehoe, Germany ~ Picture: Jost Jahn/epa/Corbis
A powerful outburst of auroras over the open sea at Eggum on the Lofoten islands in Norway ~ Picture by Bjorn Jorgensen
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